Nanotechnology will enable and influence a broad spectrum of defence and security technologies and applications, such as nano-structures, nano-sensors, nano-energy sources, and nanoelectronics. Sensor technology is important in the design, manufacturing, maintenance, and function of defence products. New sensors will utilise nano science to detect chemical and biological agents and explosives at levels significantly lower than previously attained. Reduced sensor weight and volume will allow greater real-time prognostic health monitoring of aircraft and spacecraft structure systems.